Global warming, a disaster or a nuclear explosion can cause extreme heat. People crammed into small shelters with very little air can also suffer from extreme heat related syndromes and illnesses.
The body normally cools itself off by sweating but when the body cannot do this very high body temperatures result. The result is damage to the brain or other organs. Age, obesity, already being sic, heart disease, already being dehydrated due to dieting or addiction, poor circulation, sunburn and prescription drug use can also make a person more vulnerable to heat illnesses.
To cope with extreme heat it is advise that you increase your fluid intake. Do not wait until you are thirsty eat. Drink two to four glasses of cool fluids every hour to prevent heat sickness.
It is also important to replace the salt and minerals lost from the body due to sweating. Mixing a bit of salt in your water can help prevent this as can drinking the occasional sports beverage.
Even though you might be in a position where you must do things outdoors try to work vigorously when the temperature is lower. Move chores and tasks to shady areas if you have. Pace yourself if the exertion in the heat makes your heart pound or if you feel weak, confused or faint.
When you go out wear light colored, loose fitting clothing that protects your skin from the sun. Avoid sunburn, which causes a loss of body fluids. Wear a wide-brimmed hat put on the most sunscreen that you can without straining any rations.
During these times it is necessary for you to monitor those who are at risk of dying from the heat. Children and infants are more susceptible to heat stroke and must be monitored. People who are over sixty-five may also have problems with dealing with the heat and must stay hydrated. Obese individuals or those with heart problems, poor circulation or depression may also have big issues dealing with the heat.
You should also avoid serving hot food and heavy meals that add heat to the body. Limit your exposure to the sun and do not leave infants, children or pets in parked vehicles. Make sure your pets and livestock also have shade and plenty to drink.
If possible stay indoors and do as little as possible. Depending on the source and cause of the extreme heat there may air conditioned shelters in your area that can help you to cool off.